新高考改革对文理科选择及成绩的影响研究——基于ACC数据的实证分析

On the Influence of the New College Entrance Examination on the Choice and Achievement of Arts and Sciences Subjects:Based on the National Talented High School Students Data in China

本文采用2017年“高中生发展和核心能力测评”(ACC)大型实验研究项目的测试与问卷调查数据,以理性选择制度主义为理论基础,通过偏离度、逐步回归、分位数回归等多种方法,就新高考改革下资优高中生的文理科科目选择及新高考改革对文理科成绩的影响展开实证分析。研究发现,新高考改革后资优高中生在文科科目选择的偏离度上相对较大,更多的具有文科兴趣的资优高中生放弃文科科目而选择理科科目。新高考改革对资优高中生的文科成绩具有显著的负向影响,而对理科成绩具有显著的正向影响。进一步分析表明,新高考改革对文科成绩的负向影响在高分位上更加明显,而对理科成绩的显著影响则在低分位上更为明显。因此,对于资优高中生群体,不必过多担心以物理为代表的理科科目选择比例的下降,更应重视和合理引导资优高中生根据兴趣选择文科科目,以避免未来我国人文社科领域优质人才的缺乏。

The choice of talented high school students has attracted much attention. Based on the theory of rational choice institutionalism, with the national talented high school students test and survey data from the program of ACC (Assessment of Core Competencies) in 2017, this study makes an empirical analysis on the influence of the new college entrance examination on the choice and achievement of arts and sciences subjects. The results show that the new college entrance examination reform makes talented students are more likely to give up the arts and choose the sciences. The new college entrance examination reform has a significantly negative impact on the arts achievement and a significantly positive impact on talented students science achievement. Further analysis shows that the effect of the new college entrance examination on the achievement of arts and sciences are quite different for students in different achievement levels. According to the results, we conclude that as for talented students in China, we don t worry too much about the selection decline of the subject of physics, which is the most representative subject of science subjects, but we should pay more attention to the art subjects and reasonably guide talented high school students choose subjects according to their interest, in order to avoid the lack of high-quality talents in the field of humanities and social science in the future.