涉枪案件的刑法入罪标准探析

Analysis of the criminal standards of firearm-related cases

近年来,基层法院在审理涉枪案件时基本采用公安部制定的枪支认定标准,导致"假枪真罪"案件大量出现,引发了广泛的社会争议。"两高"《批复》①要求人民法院办理涉枪案件时,在依公安机关标准认定为枪支的前提下,进一步确定枪支与犯罪的关系。当前枪支的种类繁多,定义标准不一,确定枪支认定标准不应偏离枪支的本质特征。当枪口比动能②达到1. 8J/cm^2以上时可以对人体最薄弱部位(眼睛)造成损害,应当作为公安机关依法管控枪支的标准下限。当枪口比动能超过10J/cm^2时,能够造成人体皮肉的伤害,可能导致伤亡后果,应定为涉枪犯罪刑法意义上的枪支认定标准。

In recent years,when the grass-roots courts tried to deal with firearm-related cases,they basically adopted the identification standard of firearms set by the Ministry of Public Security,which led to a large number of cases of “false firearms and true crimes”,arousing widespread social disputes.The “approval” of the “Two Supremes” requires the people’ s courts to further determine the relationship between firearms and crimes under the premise of being determined as firearms according to the standards of the public security organs when handling firearm-related cases.At present,there are many types of firearms with different identification standards.It is determined that the identification standard of firearms should not deviate from the essential characteristics of firearms.When the muzzle energy reaches 1.8J/cm^2,it can cause damage to the weakest part (eye) of the human body,so it should be used as the lower limit of the standard for the public security organs to control the firearms according to law.When the muzzle energy is more than 10 J/cm^2,it can cause damage to the human flesh and blood,which may lead to wound and death so it should be determined as the identification standard of firearms in the sense of criminal law.