司法人员对待被告人翻供态度之深层原因探析

Analysis of the deep reasons for the judicial personnel’s attitude to treat the defendants’ retracting the confession

实证考察发现,司法人员对待被告人翻供总体呈现出排斥的态度,不利于保障人权和避免冤错案。究其原因,打击犯罪、维护社会稳定的需要与社会治理水平、侦查技术含量低下之间的矛盾,有罪推定的侦查思维、过分追求实体真实以及翻供真假难辨的固有属性,使得侦查人员在案件侦破前后对待被告人翻供态度迥异;诉讼结构的扭曲、批捕“绑架”公诉、内心确信与指控犯罪的考量以及个人意见与集体意见之间的矛盾,在一定程度上影响了批捕检察官和公诉人对待翻供的态度;流水线式的诉讼构造、规则逻辑与治理逻辑的妥协以及追求实体真实的裁判倾向,使得审判法官在程序上和实体上对待被告人翻供呈现双重面孔。

The empirical investigation showed that the judicial personnel’ s overall attitude towards the defendants’ retraction of confession is not conducive to protecting human rights and avoiding wrongful cases.The reasons for this is that the contradiction between the need to combat crime and maintain social stability and the level of social governance and the low level of detection technology,the investigative thinking of guilty presumption,the excessive pursuit of physical reality,and the intrinsic attributes of retraction of confession make the different attitudes of the investigators before and after the investigation;the distortion of the litigation structure,the public prosecution of arresting the “kidnapping”,the inner conviction and the accusation of the crime,and the contradiction between individual opinions and collective opinions affect the attitudes of apprehensive procurators and public prosecutors to a certain extent;the constructive structure of the litigation,the compromise of the rule logic and the governance logic,and the tendency to pursue the real judgment of the entity make the trial judge treat the defendant’ s retraction of confession with a double face in a procedural and substantive form.