当代中国城乡居民权利失衡的历史沿革与平衡路径研究

Historical Evolution and Balancing Path of Unbalanced Rights of Urban and Rural Residents in Contemporary China

中华人民共和国的成立为城乡居民权利的实现提供了基本的政治保障,但中华人民共和国成立后的一段时间内,城乡居民权利出现了一定程度的失衡:农民不能享受到应有的经济和社会权益;农村只是城市的附属,没有获得应有的发展机会和福利保障,导致城乡差距难以缩小,从而一定程度上损害了社会秩序。历史地看,中国城乡居民权利失衡很大程度上根源于以重工业为重心的产业政策、城乡二元结构和不合理的体制。同时,中国城乡居民权利失衡的发展历程也能够为实现二者权利平等化为目标的平衡路径研究提供镜鉴。构建中国城乡居民权利的平衡路径的主要内容包括:加强城乡居民权利平等化的经济制度与法律制度研究提供镜鉴建设;消除城乡二元结构,大力推动城乡一体化发展战略;继续全面深化改革开放。

The founding of New China provides the basic institutional guarantee for the realization of the rights of urban and rural residents.However,within a period of time after the founding of New China,the rights of urban and rural residents have showed a certain degree of imbalance:peasants can not enjoy the due economic and social rights,rural areas are subsidiaries of cities,there are no development opportunities and welfare guarantees,which has broadened the gap between urban and rural areas and damaged the social order to some extent.The roots of the imbalance between urban and rural residents’ rights are the industrial policy taking heavy industry as the focus,the urban-rural dual structure and the unreasonable system.The developing process of the imbalance between the rights of urban and rural residents in China can provide lessons for the balancing path of achieving the equalization of rights.The balance of the rights of urban and rural residents in China needs to strengthen the economic system and legal system for equalizing the rights of urban and rural residents,eliminate the urban-rural dual structure,vigorously promote the development strategy of urban and rural integration,and continue to deepen reform and opening up.