基于蚁群算法的土石方调配优化

Earthwork Allocation Method Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

土石方调配是大型工程建设的重要组成部分,对降低工程成本,缩短工期具有重要意义。传统的土石方调配模型大多是线性规划模型,不仅需要将调配过程中的非线性关系简化为线性关系,而且未考虑调配过程中设备的施工次序,建立经济可行的调配方案的能力有限。为了弥补线性规划法的不足,本文建立了一种以总成本最小为目标,综合考虑施工次序、方向和调配量的土石方调配优化模型,并将土石方调配问题与旅行商问题类比,利用改进的蚁群算法对模型进行求解。最后以某实际工程为例对该方法进行了应用,案例分析结果表明,与线性规划法相比,本文方法可行,而且基于ArcGIS绘制的调配矢量指导图表达更直观。

Earthwork allocation is an important part of large-scale construction projects.It is of great significance to reduce construction cost and shorten construction period.The traditional earthwork allocation model is mostly linear programming model.Not only the non-linear relation needs to be simplified into the linear relation,but also the construction sequence is not considered in the allocation process.As a result,the traditional linear programming model is difficult to build an economically feasible allocation scheme.In order to overcome the disadvantages of the linear programming model,an optimization model was proposed which comprehensively considered construction sequence,direction,and transportation volume.The least total cost was the goal of this model.This paper analogized the earthwork allocation problem to the traveling salesman problem and solved this model by an improved ant colony algorithm.Finally,the application to a real project verifies the feasibility of the method,and the allocation vector map drawn based on ArcGIS is more intuitive to express.