施工安全研究中的社会愿望偏差及其控制

Social Desirability Bias and Its Control in Construction Safety Research

社会愿望偏差(SDB)指真实想法与社会期望的评判标准之间存在差别而进行虚假陈述的现象,在自陈式研究中会影响数据获取的可靠性。现有的施工安全研究大量使用主观类调查方法,但对SDB的考虑有限。本研究在分析SDB产生原因和类别的基础上,识别了安全态度研究中可能出现的SDB并讨论其对研究准确性的影响;提出了调查前、调查中和调查后三阶段SDB最小化技术,包括在问卷开发过程中使用间接提问、宽恕措词、问题序列设计、隐私保护以及数值特征性敏感问题的随机化回答等方法;最后,采用t检验对SDB三阶段最小化技术的有效性进行验证。结果表明,本研究提出的问卷调查三阶段最小化SDB技术可以减少施工安全研究的误差,丰富了施工安全研究方法和知识体系。

Social desirability bias (SDB) refers to the fake responses due to the differences between one's real thoughts and the socially desirable evaluation criteria,which will affect the accuracy and reliability of the data obtained from self-report research.However,this effect has not been fully considered in current construction safety studies,where the subjective research methods prevail.To make up for this gap,this research first analyzed the causes and representations of SDB,identified and elaborated the influence of SDB on construction safety attitude research.Secondly,the three-stage techniques to identify and minimize SDB before,during and after surveys were proposed,and the questionnaire of safety attitude was developed with indirect questioning,forgiving wording,sequence design and randomized technique on numerical sensitive issues,and privacy protection during the survey,to reduce the influence of SDB on data quality.Finally,the validity of the three-stage SDB minimization technology was tested by t-test.The results showed that the three-stage SDB minimization technology can reduce the impact of SDB on construction safety research,and thus make a unique contribution to the body of knowledge of construction safety research.