民国时期特殊教育实施的特点及启示

Characteristics and Enlightenment of the Special Education Implementation in the Republic of China

民国时期,中国特殊教育开始进入由外国人创办向国人自办的转折。在特殊教育的实施过程中,呈现出鲜明的特点:特殊教育立法逐步完善,政府逐渐成为设办公立特殊学校的主体,创设了具有特殊教育特色的课程体系。同时,在推进特殊教育实施的过程中,也暴露出了政府重视力度不够、社会关注度不高以及师资体系不完善等问题。这给予当今我国发展特殊教育以重要启示:转变观念,树立正确的特殊教育观;从法制和财政两方面提升政府对特殊教育的扶持力度;构建科学合理的特殊教育课程体系,以及建设科学化、专业化的特殊教育师资培养体系。

During the period of the Republic of China,China’s special education began to enter into a transition from the establishment by foreigners to the self-management by the Chinese people.And in the implementation process of special education,it presented the following distinct characteristics:1)The legislation on special education was gradually improved;2)The government had gradually become the main body of setting up special schools;3)A curriculum system with special educational characteristics has been set up.At the same time,however,in the process of promoting the implementation of special education,it also exposed such problems as the government’s lack of focus,low social attention and imperfect system for teacher resources management.All this gives important enlightenments to the development of special education in China,i.e.,changing the concept and setting up the correct special education view,enhancing the government’s support for special education from the legal and financial aspects,constructing a scientific and reasonable curriculum system for special education and building a scientific and professional training system for special education teachers.