初中生物学课程目标和内容70年演进分析

The Analysis on the Objectives and Content Evolution of the Junior High School Biology Curriculum over the Past 70 years in China

初中生物学课程目标和课程内容70年不断变革,其演进特点可从知识、能力、思想观念三个层面予以分析。知识层面.经历了从“农业应用型”到“学科基础型”再到“全面综合型”的转变;能力层面,从培养与农业生产相适应的基本技能,到逐渐重视生物学科的探究能力、实践能力、创新能力、信息收集和处理能力;思想观念层面,以重视爱国主义和辩证唯物主义培养为基础,生态观、生命观教育在课程文件中逐渐得到关注。未来义务教育生物学课程标准修订,应在课程目标和课程内容中增加生命系统性、系统思维等相关要求。

Objectives and content of the junior high school biology curriculum in China were changing constantly over the past 70 years.The evolutionary characteristics could be analyzed from three dimensions:knowledge,ability and concept.On the knowledge level,the type of the objectives and content has changed from"agricultural application type"to"discipline foundation type",and then to"comprehensive type".On the ability level,the training first focused on the basic skills which adapted to agricultural production,then gradually attached more importance to inquisition ability,practice ability,innovation ability,information collection and processing ability of the biology.On the ideology level,based on patriotism and dialectical materialism training,ecological view and life views were paid more attention in the curriculum documents.,During the revision of the biology curriculum standard for compulsory education in the future,the requirements about the systematicness of life,systematic thinking and the related content should be added in the curriculum objective and curriculum content.