水稻覆膜栽培研究进展

Research Progress on Rice Cultivated by Film Mulching

水稻覆膜栽培模式能有效地解决水稻生产过程中出现的季节性干旱和低温冷害问题。在这些区域,覆膜栽培可以在减少灌溉用水及增加土壤温度的基础上提高产量,但地膜的应用增加了生产成本,不可降解的地膜残留对环境造成了污染;由此生物可降解膜及配套覆膜机具开始研制并应用,促进了水稻覆膜栽培的发展。水稻通过覆膜主要作用可以有效控制杂草生长、减少肥料流失,提高肥料利用率,降低农药化肥的使用量,为水稻绿色高产高效栽培提供新的思路模式。系统阐述了我国现行水稻覆膜栽培模式在水稻生产中的优劣势,并提出水稻覆膜栽培未来发展的展望。

Film mulching rice cultivation pattern can effectively relieve seasonal drought and chilling damage during rice production. Film mulching cultivation pattern could reduce the consumption of irrigation water and improve grain yield on the basis of increasing soil temperature. However,the application of film mulching increased production cost and environmental pollution was occurred by non-degradable mulch. Therefore,the biodegradable film and matching mulch machines were applied and studied,the development of film mulching cultivation was promoted. It can effectively control weeds,reduce the loss of fertilizer,increase its use efficiency,reduce the application quantity of pesticides and chemical fertilizer,and provide a new idea for the green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice. This paper systematically expounded the advantages and disadvantages of the existing film-mulching rice cultivation in rice production,and prospects the future development of rice film mulching cultivation.