贬抑桐城派的众声及其文学史意义——以“局外人”日记为考察范围

Voices Downplaying Tongcheng School and Their Value in Literary History:A Study Based on Diaries of "Outsiders"

桐城派是中国古代文学史上延续时间最长、最有派别意识的文学流派,它在道光朝以后影响更为广泛,很多读书人的日记中都有研读桐城派古文选本和桐城名家文集的记录,记录中既有推赏的文字,也有批评贬抑之声。本文选取桐城派之外的文人,如李慈铭、谭献、袁昶、张佩纶、皮锡瑞、张棡、徐兆玮等,考察这些"局外人"如何在较为隐私的日记中更直接、真实地批评桐城派,以从一个特别的视角探究桐城派在拓展过程中所遭遇的境况及显现出的活力,进而揭示某一作家、流派的贬抑之声在文学史的影响。

With most distinctive self-awareness,the Tongcheng School was among the oldest schools in the Chinese history of literature,and its influence went wide and far after the reign of Emperor Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty.Men of letters at the time had in their diaries entries about their studying the selections or collections of essays by writers of the Tongcheng School.As can be seen,some are applauding while others are downplaying.Based on these personal diaries with direct negative comments on the Tongcheng School,this study observes how such "outsiders" as Li Ci-ming,Tan Xian,Yuan Chang,Zhang Pei-lun,Pi Xi-rui,Zhang Gang and Xu Zhaowei criticized the Tongcheng School,thus revealing the difficulties the Tongcheng School encountered with vitality in its development,so as to make possible a better understanding of the value of those downplaying voices in literary history.