连片特困地区易地扶贫移民生计恢复力评估

Evaluation of rural household’s livelihood resilience of the Relocation and Settlement Project in contiguous poor areas

借鉴社会-生态系统研究领域的恢复力概念,结合可持续生计分析框架和基于资本的评估方法,构建易地扶贫移民生计恢复力评价指标体系。运用陕南安康市3个区县的657份农户实地调研数据,采用因子分析方法和多元线性回归模型,从微观农户视角实证分析和评估易地扶贫移民的生计恢复力及其影响因素。结果表明:易地搬迁农户物质、社会资本分布不均衡,不同搬迁类型和时间对农户生计资本分化产生作用。物质、金融和社会资本积累水平以及环境、健康服务可及性等均是搬迁户提升生计恢复力的前提和基础,而搬迁类型对移民生计恢复力表现出显著的负向作用。建议政府充分发挥政策优势,针对不同搬迁类型和时间移民进行精准帮扶,着力解决搬迁户生计资本的薄弱环节,不断提升其生计恢复潜力。

Quantitatively exploring the drivers and impediments to the construction of the resilience of rural households under the background of Relocation and Settlement Projects can provide decision support for the effective implementation of Relocation and Settlement Projects in contiguous poor areas.In this paper, the three counties in the Southern Shaanxi Province,China,which were considered as the birthplace of the country’s "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" poverty alleviation and relocation project,are used as the study areas.Using the 657 field survey data collected by the research team at the end of November 2015,the relocated are divided into voluntary,involuntary migrants and short-term,long-term migrants according to the research requirement,then we adopt factor analysis methods and multiple linear regression models to analyze and evaluate the livelihood resilience and its influencing factors of the poverty alleviation migrants from the micro perspective.The results show that the distribution of physical and social capital of relocated rural households is imbalanced,and different type of the relocated and the timing in relocation have effect on the differentiation of livelihood capital of rural households.At the same time,the accumulation of physical,financial,and social capital and the accessibility of the environment and health services are the prerequisite and foundation for the relocated households to improve their livelihood resilience.The type of relocation has a significant negative effect on the livelihood resilience of the migrants,but the relocation time is not significant.The evaluation index system for the livelihood resilience of poverty alleviation migrants constructed not only provides the basis for the decision-makers in the formulation and granting of assistance measures for the rehabilitation and development of different rural households,but also provides an assessment of the impact of poverty alleviation and relocation project at the livelihood level.The Relocation and Settlement Projects need to accurately identify the causes of poverty and recovery obstacles,and then develop specific support policy,and pay attention to the accumulation of physical and social capital of rural households,and the improvement of infrastructure and public services.