基于指数分析法的乌鲁木齐市居住格局研究

Residential structure of Urumqi City based on index analysis method

乌鲁木齐作为新疆的首府城市,是中国西部地区重要的经济中心,在我国城市体系格局中发挥着重要的作用,通过研究乌鲁木齐市人口居住格局对乌鲁木齐城市空间规划提供指导。以乌鲁木齐市为研究区域,利用城市空间的扩展印证居住空间格局变化宏观特征,将"居住格局"作为切入点,利用莫兰指数并借助ArcGIS技术分析该区域不同属性人口的居住格局。结果显示:乌鲁木齐市城市居民用地主要沿西北方向的新市区延伸、西山方向扩展、沿东山方向扩展,并沿着老城区的外缘扩展;不同年龄人口中学龄人口和老年人口的聚集现象较为明显,劳动人口的聚集现象并不显著,不同受教育程度人口中小学及初中人口和大专以上人口比重指标Moran’s I值较高,文盲人口比重指标Moran’s I值相对较低,高中人口在空间上呈现负相关;2000-2016年所有区域学龄人口、老年人口空间分异指数都有所上升,劳动人口分异指数在沙依巴克区和水磨沟区有所下降,说明老龄化现象越来越明显,1990-2000年文盲人口在头屯河区处于相对分异状态,2000-2010年在新市区分异水平较高,1990-2010年小学及初中人口、高中人口以及大专以上人口分异现象逐渐减少,混居程度加深,居住分异现象减少。

As the capital city of Xinjiang, Urumqi City is an important economic center in western China and plays an important role in the urban system of China.It could be of significance for the urban spatial planning of Urumqi City by studying the population living pattern of the city.This paper takes Urumqi as the research area, uses the expansion of urban space to verify the macro-characteristics of the change of residential pattern, takes "residential pattern" as the breakthrough point, and uses Moran’s I and ArcGIS technology to analyze the residential pattern of different population attributes in this area.It is concluded that the urban residential land in Urumqi extends mainly in the northwest direction,the West Mountain direction, the East Mountain direction and the outer edge of the old urban area of the city.The agglomeration of middle-aged and old population in different age groups is more obvious, the agglomeration of working population is not significant,and the population of primary and secondary schools and junior middle schools with different educational levels and the population of large cities are different.The Moran’s I value of the population of primary and secondary school and junior high school population is higher than that of the population with different education level,the Moran’s I value of the illiterate population is relatively low,and the high school population is negatively correlated in space.The spatial differentiation index of school-age population and the elderly population has increased in all regions from 2000 to 2016,and the labor population differentiation index has declined in Shayibak District and Shuimogou District,indicating that the phenomenon of aging is becoming more and more obvious.In 2000,the illiterate population was in a relatively different state in Toutunhe District.The level of differentiation was relatively high in the Xinshi District from 2000 to 2010.The population of primary and junior middle schools, senior middle schools and above junior colleges gradually decreased from 1990 to 2010,the degree of mixed living deepened,and the phenomenon of residential differentiation decreased.