油菜及其近缘种种子萌发期耐盐碱性差异

Difference of Salt-Alkaline Tolerance of Three Rape and Its Two Relatives at Germination Stage

为了明确甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜、芥菜型油菜、白芥和芸芥种子萌发期的耐盐碱性差异,分别采用0(CK)、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.5%的NaCl溶液和0(CK)、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%和0.6%的NaHCO3溶液进行萌发期胁迫处理,测定了发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数的变化规律。结果表明:不同浓度NaCl溶液处理,油菜及其近缘植物的平均发芽率依次为芥菜型油菜(71.7%)>甘蓝型油菜(64.0%)>白芥(62.4%)>白菜型油菜(48.4%)>芸芥(30.6%)。当NaCl的浓度为1.0%时,芥菜型油菜的发芽率最高,为91%,芸芥最低,仅有2%。不同浓度NaHCO3溶液胁迫下,5种植物的平均发芽率依次为白芥(85.3%)>甘蓝型油菜(84.3%)>白菜型油菜(59.1%)>芸芥(42.9%)>芥菜型油菜(34.3%)。当NaHCO3溶液浓度为0.4%时,白芥的发芽率最高,为95%,而芥菜型油菜最低,为0。综上,芥菜型油菜对NaCl胁迫的耐性最强,白菜型油菜和芸芥对NaCl胁迫的耐性差;白芥和甘蓝型油菜对NaHCO3胁迫的耐性强,而芥菜型油菜对NaHCO3胁迫的耐性较差。可见,在油菜种植区改良盐渍化土壤,中性盐渍化土壤最好选用芥菜型油菜,偏碱性盐渍化土壤可以选用白芥或甘蓝型油菜。

To assess the salt-alkaline tolerance of three B.rapa(B.napus,B.campestris and B.juncea) and two relatives(E.sativa and S.alba) at germination stage,an experiment was conducted using different concentrations of salt and alkaline,including 0(CK),0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%,1.2% and 1.5% NaCl,and 0(CK),0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%,0.5% and 0.6% NaHCO3,respectively.Germination potentiality,germination rate and germination index were tested.Our results showed that:under NaCl stress of different concentration,mean germination rate of three B.rapa and two relatives were B.juncea(71.7%)>B.napus(64.0%)>S.alba(62.4%)>B.campestris(48.4%)>E.sativa(30.6%).When the concentration of NaCl was 1.0%,the germination rate of B.juncea was the highest(91%),while that of E.sativa was the lowest(2%).Under NaHCO3 stress of different concentration,mean germination rate of three B.rapa and two relatives were S.alba(85.3%)>B.napus(84.3%)>B.campestris(59.1%)>E.sativa(42.9%)>B.juncea(34.3%).When the concentration of NaHCO3 was 0.4%,the germination rate of S.alba was the highest(95%),while that of B.juncea was the lowest(0).In summery,tolerance to NaCl stress of B.juncea was the highest,while that of B.campestris and E.sativa were relatively low;tolerance to NaHCO3 stress of S.alba and B.napus were high,while that of B.juncea was low.Therefore,to improve salinized soil in B.rape growing areas,it is better to use B.juncea in neutral saline soil,and S.alba or B.napus in alkaline salinized soil.