弗·马卡宁小说《损失》的动词隐转喻文本建构分析

The role of verbs in textual construction in V. Makanin’s novel Loss

在弗·马卡宁的小说《损失》里,“损失”主题阐释的任务分别落到了“挖掘”和“呼喊”两组动词的隐喻与转喻操作上。横向层面上,动词“挖掘”的隐喻过程具有建立虚实、真假比照的功能。纵向层面上,动词“呼喊”的转喻生成辅助揭示了“挖掘”隐喻过程所蕴含的深刻含义。两个动词在文本中的隐喻与转喻生成都围绕着共同的主题进行,蕴含着一致的叙述动机。这两组动词具有组合与聚合文本结构的建构功能,具有焊接情节、引导叙事逻辑的作用。通过动词的隐喻与转喻操作,小说的主题自动澄明:“损失”即是找寻不回的过去,是人的精神上的一种缺失。

In V. Makanin's novel Loss, the burden of the interpretation of the theme "loss" falls on the metaphorical generation of verb "mine" and the metonymical generation of the verb "shout". In the horizontal level, the metaphorical generation of verb "mine" plays the role of establishing the virtual-real comparison. On the vertical level, the metonymical generation of the verb "shout" helps to explain the real purpose of using the story of "mine". The two verbs, which link the plots, trigger the narrative logic and clarify the theme of the text, have the functions of combination and aggregation.