对恶魔神话的重构与戏仿——评图尼埃小说《桤木王》

Reconstruction and parody of demon myth: On Tournier’s Le Roi des Aulnes

《桤木王》是法国“新寓言派”作家米歇尔·图尼埃的代表作,作者从一名二战囚犯的独特视角入手,通过冷静、客观的现实主义写作手法,融合戏谑、嘲讽的口吻,结合富含象征性的征兆与指涉,再现了二战背景下,一个源于历史真实又颇具虚幻色彩的恶魔神话。小说所传达的善恶观已远超非善即恶的二元对立观,它旨在唤起读者对社会、历史、战争以及人性的思考,启迪读者用矛盾的视角与批判的思维重新审视人性及人类社会。

Le Roi des Aulnes is the representative work of French New Allegory School writer Michel Tournier. The author, from the unique perspective of a World War II prisoner, reproduced a real but fantastic demon myth under the background of the second world war,by using the calm and objective realism writing technique, combining the ironic tone and rich symbolic signs with references. The View of good and evil conveyed by the novel is far more than the binary opposition of good and evil. The novel aims to arouse the deep thinking of readers about society, history, war and human nature, to inspire readers to use contradictory perspective and critical thinking to survey the human nature and human society.