所有制分割、户籍歧视与代际城乡工资差异

Ownership Division, Household Registration Discrimination and Intergenerational Urban-Rural Wage Differences

在考虑农民工群体代际分化的基础上,基于2016年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,采用工资差异分解方法分析了城镇劳动力市场中新生代农民工与老一代农民工面临的户籍歧视代际差异问题。研究表明,新一代城乡劳动力间的工资差异高于老一代劳动力,个体特征差异的不同并不足以解释代际间的城乡工资差异,户籍歧视的代际差异才是导致代际城乡工资差异的主要原因。相对于老一代农民工,新生代农民工遭受的户籍歧视更为严重。对同工不同酬和所有制分割两种不同歧视形式的研究表明,无论是同工不同酬的程度还是所有制分割效应,新生代农民工都要严重于老一代农民工,但同工不同酬的程度差异是导致户籍歧视代际差异的主要原因。进一步分析发现,同工不同酬的程度差异主要来自于城镇流动人口“工资溢价”的代际差异,新一代城镇流动人口在城镇劳动力市场中获得了更多的“工资溢价”。

Based on the consideration of the intergenerational differentiation of migrant workers,this paper makes use of data of the 2016 China Mobile Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey and employs the wage differential decomposition method to analyze the issue of household registration discrimination and intergenerational differences faced by the new and the older generations of migrant workers in the urban labor market. The findings of the research show that the wage difference between the new generation of urban and rural labors is wider than that of the older generation. The difference in individual characteristics is not enough to explain the intergenerational urban-rural wage difference, while the intergenerational difference of household registration discrimination is the main cause of intergenerational urban-rural wage difference. Compared with the older generation of migrant workers, the new generation of migrant workers suffered even more serious discrimination in the household registration. The study of the two different forms of discrimination on the basis of same work with different pay and ownership divisions shows that no matter what are the degrees of same work with different pay or the split effect of ownership, the new generation of migrant workers are suffering more than the older generation of migrant workers, but the difference in the degree of same work with different pay is the main reason for the intergenerational differences in household registration discrimination. Further analysis finds out that the difference in the degree of same work with different pay mainly comes from the intergenerational differences in the " salary premium" of urban migrants, the new generation of urban migrants has gained more "salary premium" in the urban labor market.