美国就学反隔离相关政策成效评述及其对我国的启示

American School and Housing Desegregation Policy Study Review and the Planning Implications for China

伴随着社会经济转型,我国城市就学的社会空间隔离现象增多,对教育公平直接或潜在的影响不应低估。为充实规划师对相关干预工具的理解,本文回顾了美国就学反隔离相关政策从强制到自愿、从以学校力中心到整合居住的演进历程,评述其成效。自"布朗案"以来,美国经历了曲折的就学反隔离历程,校车、择校项目、MTO、HOPE VI、包容性区划等政策影响结论多元。通过比较,本文指出加强迁居就学指导、通过公共住房和社区复兴项目整合就学机会的重要性及启发意义,并强调了我国城市规划倡导就学公平行动和研究的责任。

Along with the social and economic transformation,the social space isolation phenomenon in China's cities is increasing,and the direct or potential impact on education equity should not be underestimated.In order to enrich the planner's understanding of relevant intervention tools,this paper reviews the evolution of the US anti-segregation related policies and reviews its effectiveness.Since the"Brown Case",the United States has experienced a tortuous process of anti-segregation,school bus,school selection.MTO,HOPE VL inclusive zoning and other policy impact conclusions.By comparison,this paper points out the importance of enlightening migration guidance,integrating the opportunities tor enrollment through public housing and community rehabilitation projects,and highlighting the importance of enlightenment in China's urban planning advocacy for fair action and research.