我国新发蜱媒病原体研究概述

A review on emerging tick-borne pathogens in China

蜱是许多重大传染病的重要传播媒介,持续危害全球健康,我国蜱种丰富、分布广泛,蜱媒传染病暴发流行较多,且新的蜱媒疾病及其病原体不断被发现。近年来,我国共陆续报道33种新发蜱媒病原体,包括8种新发斑点热群立克次体,该病原体主要分布在北方地区;7种无形体,其中嗜吞噬细胞无形体分布地区最广、感染蜱种最多;6种伯氏疏螺旋体,该病原体被证实在我国25个省份的26种蜱中广泛分布;11种巴贝西虫,其中3种病原体可引起人群感染;发热伴血小板减少综合征布尼亚病毒,病例高度散发,蜱是主要传播媒介,也可人与人接触传播,目前缺乏有效的疫苗和药物进行防控和治疗。因此,对新发蜱媒病原体及其传播媒介进行研究具有重要意义。本文对我国近年来广泛流行的新发蜱媒病原体进行了概述,总结新发病原体发生、分布、媒介蜱类等目前的研究进展,以期为我国蜱传疾病的系统研究提供理论基础。

Ticks are important vectors of many major infectious diseases and continue to threaten human health globally.The diversity and geographical distribution of ticks have associated with high incidence of tick borne infectious diseases in China.Emerging tick-borne diseases and their pathogens had been found continuously.In recent years,33 tick-borne pathogens have been reported in China,including 8 novel spotted fever group rickettsiae,which mainly distributed in the northern China.Seven species in the family Anaplasmataceae have been identified in China's Mainland.A.phagocytophilum is now the most widely encountered species over broad areas where multifarious tick species are vectors.Six genospecies in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi,over a wide geographical distribution of 25 provinces,26 tick species have been shown to carry B.burgdorferi.11 species of Babesia,three pathogens have been reported to cause human infections.Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus,borne by ticks,are currently lack of effective vaccines and drugs for prevention and treatment.Therefore,it is of great significance to study emerging tick-borne pathogens and their vectors.This report reviews the the occurrence,distribution,vector ticks and current research progress of emerging tick-borne pathogens in order to provide theoretical basis for the systematic study of tick-borne diseases in China.