外商独资是否会提高企业生产率

Will Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprises Increase Productivity of Enterprises?

近年来,新进驻中国的外资企业多以独资形式出现,已有的中外合资、中外合作企业也朝着外商独资的方向转变。在此背景下,基于1998—2007年中国工业企业数据库数据对外商独资影响企业全要素生产率进行了计量检验。研究结果表明:首先,外资比例与企业全要素生产率间存在显著的正向关系;其次,独资企业存在所有权优势传导机制,即独资企业研发比例越高、内部管理强度越大、销售与广告投入比率越大时,企业生产率提升也越快;再次,在行业和地区异质性方面,外商独资企业的生产率提升效应在资本密集型行业企业体现得较为显著,外商独资企业的生产率提升效应在西部地区表现得更加突出。此外,在加入WTO后,外商独资企业的生产率提升效应也更加明显。

In recent years,new foreign-invested enterprises have invested solely in the form of sole proprietorship in China,and existing Sino-foreign joint ventures and Chinese-foreign cooperative enterprises have also shifted toward the direction of sole proprietorship.Under this background,based on the 1998-2007 China Industrial Enterprise Database,this paper makes an econometric analysis of the impact of wholly foreign-owned enterprises on total factor productivity(TFP).The results show that,firstly,there is a significant positive relationship between the proportion of foreign capital and TFP.Secondly,the transmission mechanism of ownership advantages of the sole proprietorship has been confirmed,when the proportion of R&D is higher,the intensity of internal management is stronger,and the ratio of sales and advertising input is larger,TFP is improved accordingly.Thirdly,from the perspective of industry heterogeneity,the productivity-enhancing effect of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is more significant in capital-intensive industries;and from the perspective of regional heterogeneity,the productivity enhancement effect of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is more obvious in the western region.In addition,after the entry of foreign-funded enterprises into the WTO,the productivity-enhancing effect of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is more obvious.