苹果枝条不同覆盖方式对果园土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Different Apple Branches Mulching Patterns on Soil Physical-chemical Properties of Apple Orchard

以‘寒富’苹果园为对象,研究不同覆盖方式包括冬季修剪枝条(粉碎枝条埋土(I)和成段枝条埋土(Ⅱ))和夏季修剪枝条(绿枝埋土(Ⅲ)和绿枝(Ⅳ))对果园土壤水分、养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明:苹果枝条覆盖能增加果园土壤水分含量,对土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响不同。夏季修剪枝条覆盖土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及土壤酶活性均高于冬季修剪枝条覆盖,总体上表现为绿枝覆盖>绿枝埋土覆盖>成段枝条覆盖>粉碎枝条埋土覆盖>清耕。因此,夏季修剪枝条可直接作为覆盖材料进行果园地表覆盖,冬季修剪的苹果枝条应剪成段埋土覆盖。

Taking ‘Hanfu’ apple orchard as test object,the effects of different surface mulching patterns which were winter pruning branches mulching (crushed branches covered with soil (I) and sectioned branches covered with soil (II)) and summer pruning branches (growing branches covered with soil (III) and growing branches (IV)) on soil moisture contents,nutrient contents and enzyme activities in this orchard were studied.The results showed that apple branches mulching could increase soil moisture content in orchard,and had different effects on soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity.Summer pruning branches mulching had higher contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content and enzyme activities in soil than winter pruning branches mulching,in the order IV>III>II>I>CK.Therefore,the summer pruning branches could be directly mulched on the soil surface,while the winter pruning branches should be cut into sections to be buried in soil.