枝条更新周期对“绿岭”核桃果实抗病性的影响

Effect of Branch Renewal Cycle on Fruit Disease Resistance of ‘Lyuling’ Walnut

为探明早实核桃枝条更新对果实抗病性的影响,以6年生“绿岭”核桃树为试材,调查了“绿岭”核桃短期更新(更新枝枝龄为2~3年)和常规更新(更新枝枝龄为3~4年)的核桃果实发病情况。结果表明:果实发病初期,短期更新树和常规更新树的好果率无显著差异,果实抗病指数分别为5.58、3.61,表现为短期更新树显著高于常规更新树;果实成熟期,短期更新树的果实发病率、病情指数分别为64.07%、41.08,均极显著低于常规更新树的84.54%、59.95,短期更新树的抗病指数为2.49,极显著高于常规更新树的1.70;从发病初期到果实成熟期,短期更新树的好果率降低了34.93%,极显著低于常规更新树的43.05%,病情指数增加了22.20,显著低于常规更新树的31.35。由此可知,短期更新树果实病情恶化速度显著慢于常规更新树。总之,短期更新可显著提高“绿岭”核桃果实抗病性,且对延缓果实病情发展有显著效果。

In order to explore the effect of the renewal of precocious walnut branches on the disease resistance of fruits,the fruit incidence of short-term renewal (the age of branch to be renewed is 2-3 years) and conventional renewal (the age of branch to be renewed is 3-4 years) trees was investigated with 6-year-old ‘Lyuling’ walnut tree as test material.The results showed that in the early stage of fruit onset,there was no significant difference in the rate of good fruit between short-term and conventional renewal trees,and the fruit disease resistance indexes were 5.58 and 3.61,respectively,showing that the short-term renewal tree was significantly higher than the conventional renewal tree.In the fruit maturity period,the fruit morbidity and disease index of short-term renewal trees were 64.07% and 41.08,which were significantly lower than those of conventional renewal trees at 84.54% and 59.95.From early onset to fruit maturity,the good fruit rate of short-term renewal trees decreased by 34.93%,significantly lower than 43.05% of conventional regeneration trees,and the disease index increased by 22.20,which was significantly lower than that of the conventional renewal tree (31.35).It could be seen that the disease deterioration rate of the fruit of the short-term renewal tree was significantly slower than that of the conventional renewal tree.In a word,short-term renewal could significantly improve the disease resistance of precocious walnut fruit,and had significant effect on delaying the fruit disease aggravation.