栽培技术对秀珍菇富集铅与镉的影响及培养基安全限量值的研究

Effects of Culture Technology on the Bioaccumulation of Lead and Cadmium in the Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Safety Limits in Culture Medium

采用棉籽壳与玉米芯作为原料,以秀珍菇“秀71”与“秀72”为供试菌株,设计3种培养配方调节棉籽壳与玉米芯构成比,使配方1、2、3中棉籽壳占比分别为53.6%、37.2%、24.3%,分别于第1茬、第3茬、第5茬收获,研究秀珍菇对铅、镉的富集规律,为平菇的安全栽培提供科学依据。结果表明:3种配方培育出的秀珍菇,子实体中铅与镉的含量均小于国家食品安全限量标准;对镉的富集能力大于铅。培养基配方、品种及收获期均能显著影响秀珍菇子实体中重金属含量;吸收铅与镉的能力均随着培育时间的延长而降低;“秀72”对铅、镉的富集能力显著高于“秀71”;配方2培育的同一种秀珍菇对铅的富集能力显著高于配方1及配方3,配方3培育的同一种秀珍菇对镉的富集能力显著高于配方1。“秀71”培养基中铅、镉的安全限量范围分别为0.891~3.284mg·kg^-1、0.049~0.052mg·kg^-1;“秀72”培养基中铅、镉的安全限量值范围分别为0.492~2.901 mg·kg^-1、0.039~0.045mg·kg^-1。

The aim of this paper is to investigate the bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in Pleurotus pulmonarius in the view of cultivation.therefore,three kinds of culture medium were designed using cottonseed husk and corn cob to cultivate two common spieces of Pleurotus pulmonarius,Sau 71 and Sau 72 and harvested them at the first,third and fifth stubble.The proportions of cottonseed husk in three medium were 53.6%,37.2% and 24.3% respectively,to provide scientific basis for the safe cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius.The resultes showed that the content of Pb and Cd in fruiting bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated by three kinds of substrates were all less than the national food safety limits,respectively,and bioaccumulated more Cd than Pb;and the bioaccumulation factors of Pb and Cd decreased with the extension of culture time.In addition,Sau 72 accumulated more Pb and Cd than Sau 72 when harvestd at the same time and cultured by the same substrate;the same specie of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultured by the substrate 2 and harvesting the same time could accumulate more Pb than the other two substrates.The same specie of Pleurotus pulmonarius cultured by the substrate 3 harvesting the same time could accumulate more Cd.The safety limits of Pb and Cd in the culture medium for Sau 71 were calculated to ranged 0.891 to 3.284 mg·kg^-1,0.049-0.052 mg·kg^-1,respectively.For the culture medium of Sau 72,the safety limits of Pb and Cd ranged from 0.492-2.901 mg·kg^-1,0.039-0.045 mg·kg^-1,respectively.