基于“行为-时空-安全”关联的精细化城市设计方法研究——以轨道交通站点影响域为例

A Research on the Design Method of Refined Cities Based on the Relevance of Behavior-Time/Space-Security:A Case Study of Influenced Regions around Urban Rail Transit Stations

近年来,伴随着城市空间的集约化发展,以及人们对城市生活品质要求的提高,“精细化”逐渐成为城市与建筑设计领域的热点话题。无论是从城市、社会与科学技术的发展趋势,还是从城市设计师思考问题的广度与深度来看,“精细化城市设计”是城市设计在新时代发展的必然趋势。在城市设计领域,有学者已从工具、对象、程序/管理等主要线索对“精细化”进行了相关探讨。本研究在精细化趋势下,从专题的视角切入,以“专题-专项-专用”为核心线索,基于"行为-时空-安全”关联,确定了精细化城市设计的涵义与特征,并对其社会、空间、技术、政策等四大基础进行了剖析,最后以城市轨道交通站点影响域为例,建立了一个较为完善的、可操作的纲领性方法框架一站点影响域精细化城市设计方法,并通过3个示范案例进行了阐释。论文研究遵循"提出问题-分析问题-解决问题”的技术路线,围绕以下3组关键问题展开:首先,精细化城市设计涵义与特征是什么?第二,基于“行为-时空-安全”精细化城市设计的社会基础、空间基础、技术基础、政策基础等的重点研究内容有哪些?第三,面对以站点影响域为例的特定城市空间,基于“行为-时空-安全”精细化城市设计方法体系由哪些内容构成?进而,论文相应确定了以下3组联系紧密又相对独立的研究内容;1)精细化城市设计的涵义、特征及其他基本问题;2)基于"行为-时空-安全"精细化城市设计运作的社会基础、空间基础、技术基础、政策基础;3)基于“行为-时空-安全”的轨道交通站点影响域精细化城市设计方法体系。基于行为与时空的关联,以及最紧迫的安全需求,精细化城市设计是指,针对城市特定空间范围内的关键性专题事件,以问题为导向,通过深度的专项挖掘和剖析,运用相应专用技术手段与工具,实现对特定空间范围内的空间组织。通过归纳与演绎结合、仿真与现实比较、大数据与小数据结合分析、描述性与规范性研究结合等研究方法对以上主要内容的研究,最终得出了3个关键性结论如下:1)基于传统、现代主义、绿色、数字化等数代城市设计的经典理论,以"专题-专项-专用"为核心线索,在叠合与迭代的双重思维下提出了基于"行为-时空-安全”关联的精细化城市设计,其具有“专、透、深”3个关键特征;2)以行为与时空互动过程中不平衡、不充分发展的最典型城市区域为例,通过分别对基于“行为-时空-安全”关联的精细化城市设计方法的社会、空间、技术、政策等四大基础的解析,明确了精细化城市设计过程中各基础的重点内容及其研究过程框架;3)以“行为-时空-安全”关联问题较为突出的站点影响域为例,采用等时线对站点影响域进行了分级,针对站点影响域内精细化行为需求与复杂性环境的突出矛盾,提出了站点影响域精细化城市设计方法。在精细化趋势下,本文的研究成果将为新时代背景下城市设计理论的更新提供新的立足点与参考点,更重要的是,既为可持续城市空间建构过程中的安全问题提供针对性的理论基础与方法指导,也为今后制定轨道交通站点影响域及具有相似特征地段相关的城市规划、城市设计、建筑设计规范提供理论参考。

With the intensive development of the urban space development, and the people of the urban life quality requirements improve in recent years, Delicacy has gradually become a hot word in the field of urban and architectural design. Whether it is from the development trend of Urba n and Society, science and tech no logy, or from the perspective of the breadth and depth of the urban designers to think about the problem, Delicacy Urban Design is the inevitable trend in the development of a new era of urban design. In the urban design field, some scholars discussed theMDelicacy"from the main clue of tools, objects, procedures/manageme nt. Based on the relation ship of Behavior- Time /Space-Security, the research determined the concept and characters to Delicacy Urban Design under the trend of Delicacy taking Special topic-Special project-Special tool as the core clue, analyzed the four major foundations of the operation of Delicacy Urban Design that included society, space, technology and policy, Established the method system to Delicacy Urba n Desig n with the In flue need realm around the urban rail transit station as example, which is a more perfect, operational and programmatic framework for Delicacy Urban Desig n action. The research followed the technical route of'Put forward the problem-Analyze the problem-Solve the problem",focused on the three following key issues. First, how to define the Delicacy Urban Design? Secondly, what are the key research contents of the social foundation, the space foundation, technology foundation, policy foundation to Delicacy Urban Design based on the relationship of Behavior- Time /Space- Security? Thirdly, what are the contents of method system of the Delicacy Urban Design in the face of the Influenced realm around the urban rail transit station based on the relationship of Behavior- Time /Space-Security? Then, this paper determined the research contents of the three following groups of closely related and relatively independent: 1) the concept and characters et al. of Delicacy Urban Design;2) the social foundation, the space foun dation, tech no logy foun dation, policy foundatio n to Delicacy Urban Design based on the relationship of Behavior- Time / Space-Security;3) the method system of Delicacy Urban Design to the Influe need realm around the urba n rail transit station based on the relationship of Behavior- Time /Space-Security. Based on the relationship between behavior and time/space, and the most urge nt security requireme nts, Delicacy Urban Design is an operation process referring to the special problems and events in urban space, which deeply understanding and detailedly-dynamically organizing the specific function forms and people activities in urban environment through the in-depth special mining and analysis, and using special tools. Through the induction and deduction, simulation and practical comparison, combined with large data and small data analysis, and the descriptive and normative combining research methods to study the main contents of the above, the researcher finally obtained three key conclusions as follows. 1) Based on the classical theories of several gen erations of urban design that called traditi on, moder nism, gree n and digital, the overlapping and iterative dual thinking put forward the Delicacy Urban Design based on the relationship of Behavior- Time /Space-Security taking Special topic-Special project-Special tool as the core clue, which having the relational characteristics of Special, Thorough and Deep;2) laken the most typical urban space that Behavior-Time /Space unbalanced and not fully developed as an example, put forward the contents and the basic framework of research process of Delicacy Urban Design based on the relationship of Behavior-Time /Space-Security through analyzing the social foundation, space foun datio n, tech no logy foundation and policy foun datio n, 3) lake n the In flue need realm around the urba n rail transit station as an example, which were graded by isochrones, put forward the optimal methodology of Delicacy Urban Design to the prominent contradiction betwee n refined dema nds and complex environme nt. Under the trend of Delicacy, the research results of this paper will update the urban design theory under the background of new era, provide a reference point and a new foothold to Delicacy Urban Design, more importantly, both provide theoretical basis and methodological guidance real problems in the process of Security urban space construction, and provide theoretical reference for related city planning, urban design, and architectural design to Influe need realm around the urbanrail transit station and the spaces with similar features in the future.