从“政权建设”到“社会建设”:新中国70年城市基层社会的形塑与变迁

From “State Building” to “Society Building”:The Shaping and Vicissitude of China’s Urban Grass-roots Society since 1949

城市基层社会是1949年新中国成立以后国家行政权力深入市民日常生活形塑而成的独特空间,在不同历史时期表现出不同的形态,从"国家政权建设"到"国家社会建设"构成了其逻辑主线,具体包括国家职能范围从"全域覆盖"向"有限管理"转变、国家与社会互动方式从"纵向吸纳"向"横向建构"转变、基层社会组织形态从"高度合一"向"主体多元"转变三个层面。该结论对以往将城市基层社会的形成归因于中国权威政体纵向建构整体性社会的惯常认知做出修正,也为下一阶段推进中国城市基层社会的治理改革提供启示。

The urban grass-roots society is a unique space for the state administrative power to penetrate into the daily life of citizens since 1949,which displays different shapes in different historical periods.Through a historical review of the changes of urban grass-roots social formation since the founding of New China, the research finds that from "State building" to "Society building" constitutes the logical main line. It includes, in particular, the shift in the scope of state functions from "global coverage" to "limited management",the way of interaction between the state and society from "vertical absorption" to "horizontal construction",and the transformation of grass-roots society form from "high unity" to "subject pluralism". This conclusion amends the conventional perception that the formation of urban grass-roots society was attributed to the vertical construction of a holistic society by the authoritative regime in China. It further provides enlightenment to promote the governance reform of urban grass-roots society in China for the next stage.