考虑火灾动态扩散过程的高层建筑疏散路径研究

Research on evacuation route from high-rise building under real effect of fire spread

为给火灾中高层建筑人员提供最优逃生路径,提高高层人员面对火灾的应急能力,提出基于涟漪扩散算法(RSA)的协同进化路径优化方法(CEPO);借助火灾动力学软件(FDS)模拟北京某高层建筑的火灾扩散情况,采用CEPO方法优化人员疏散路径,并选取传统动态路径优化方法(DPO)验证CEPO方法的有效性。结果表明:CEPO方法总的疏散时间较传统DPO方法缩短约8%, DPO方法无法成功疏散的总人数是CEPO方法未能成功疏散总人数的270%;用CEPO方法能获得实际最优疏散路径,避免出现绕远的不合理现象,有效提高高层建筑的火灾疏散效果。

In order to provide the optimal evacuation path for people and improve the emergency response capability, CEPO method based on RSA is proposed in this paper. Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS) was used to obtain fire spreading parameters and simulate the fire spreading process, then the CEPO based on the RSA was used to optimize the evacuation path with fire real-time spreading, and Dynamic Path Optimization (DPO) method was taken to verify the effectiveness of the CEPO method. By simulating the high-rise fire evacuation process, the results show that t he total evacuation time of the CEPO method is about 8% shorter than the traditional DPO method. The total number of people who cannot successfully evacuate the DPO method is 270% of the CEPO method. The CEPO method can perform one off-line optimization to obtain the actual optimal fire evacuation path, avoiding the unreasonable phenomenon of the roundabout, and significantly improving the number of people successfully evacuated.