晚清民初汉语教材“把”字句考察

A Study on the “ba”(把) Construction in the Chinese Textbooks of Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

本文考察了晚清民初四部以北京话为描写对象的汉语教材,发现其中的"把"字句:(1)句法结构多样。动词后带补充成分的结构占绝对优势,其中趋向补语、结果补语、"在/到/给"引出的介词短语出现频率最高。(2)语义类型丰富。广义处置式的原型结构和使用频率最高的狭义处置式,是对外汉语教学中初级阶段最常用的句型;结构相对简单但使用频率较低的广义和狭义处置式,是中级阶段教学的句型;致使处置式和结构复杂且使用频率较低的狭义处置式,是高级阶段教学的句型。

This paper investigates the "ba"(把) construction in four Chinese textbooks which are focused on Beijing dialect in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China. The study discovers that:(1)Syntactic structure is diversity, in which, the construction of a verb followed with supplement prevailed, and the highest frequency of use appeared in directional complement, resultative complement, and prepositional phrase with "zai"(在)/"dao"(到)/"gei"(给);(2)Semantic type is rich, which included: in TSCL, the prototype structure of the disposal construction in the broad sense(DCBS) and the disposal construction in the strict sense(DCSS) with highest frequency of use that are most common in the primary stage, and the relatively simple DCBS and DCSS with low frequency of use that were taught in the middle stage, and the causative disposal construction and the complicated DCSS with low frequency of use that were taught in the advanced stage.