燕行者视野中的清代童蒙教育考述

On the Children Education of the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Records of Yan Xing

分析了《燕行录》中《热河日记》等作品,总结了书中对清代东北、华北地区童蒙教育的记载,主要有几项内容:童蒙教材主要为《三字经》等,用以普及文化常识及主要指向科举考试;教学方法主要为只读不讲,较为僵化;师资薄弱,但蒙童素养较高。指出《燕行录》以翔实的史料,从他者视角,较为真实地反映了清代中晚期封建教育的落后状况。

From works of Yan Xing Records such as Jehol Diary , some situations of children education in Northeast and North China of Qing Dynasty are analyzed.The teaching materials were the Three-Character Classic and so on, which popularized cultural general knowledge and serviced the imperial examinations.The teaching methods were rigid because the teachers mainly made the students read books but not taught them.The teachers were less qualified but the students were respectful and polite.Yan Xing Records complicated "other" perspective, which reflected the decline of feudal education about middle and late Qing Dynasty.