基于渔捞日志的海阳市流刺网船渔获状况分析

Analysis of catch status of gill net vessels in Haiyang based on fishing log

为探明流刺网船的捕捞作业情况,根据海阳市2014—2016年流刺网船的渔捞日志,对流刺网船渔获状况进行了分析,并对近海渔业资源利用动态进行了初步探讨。研究表明:流刺网船分为4种作业类型,分别是A类:交替使用海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)漂流三重刺网、鲅鱼漂流单片刺网和对虾漂流三重刺网;B类:交替使用海蜇漂流三重刺网、对虾漂流三重刺网和青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)漂流单片刺网;C类:交替使用海蜇漂流三重刺网、鲅鱼漂流单片刺网、对虾漂流三重刺网和单拖网;D类:交替使用海蜇漂流三重刺网、对虾漂流三重刺网、青鳞小沙丁鱼漂流单片刺网和单拖网。B类的全年单船日平均渔获量低于同一年的其它3类,C、D两类的全年单船日平均渔获量年间波动较大,C类和D类大部分月份单船日平均渔获量都高于A类和B类。结果显示,不同类型各年常见优势种为海蜇、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus),夏季4类作业类型渔获物群落结构相似度较高,A、C类在春季或秋季的部分月份渔获物群落结构相似度高,B、D类在春季和秋季的部分月份群落结构相似度较高。

In order to ascertain the fishing operations of gill net vessels, the fishing log of gill net vessels in Haiyang from 2014 to 2016 was used to analyze the fishing status of gill net vessels and to preliminarily discuss the utilization dynamics of fishery resources in offshore waters. The results showed that gill net vessels were divided into four types: type A alternately using jellyfish drifting triple gill net, Spanish mackerel drifting single gill nets and shrimp drifting triple gill nets;type B alternately useing jellyfish drifting triple gill nets, shrimp drifting triple gill nets and Sardinella zunasi drifting single gill nets;type C alternately using jellyfish drifting triple gill nets, Spanish mackerel drifting single gill nets and shrimp drifting triple gill nets;type D alternately using jellyfish drifting triple gill net, shrimp drifting triple gill net, Sardinella zunasi drifting single gill net and single trawl. The annual average catch per vessel of type B was lower than those of other three types in the same year. The annual average catch per vessel of type C and D fluctuated greatly. The average catch per vessel of type C and D were higher than those of type A and B in most months. The common dominant species in different years were Rhopilema esculentum , Oratosquilla oratoria and Portunus trituberculatus , and the average daily catch of Rhopilema esculentum , Oratosquilla oratoria and Portunus trituberculatus were 61.54%, 21.67% and 9.10% in type A;28.05%, 20.86% and 7.50% in type B;25.87 %, 17.60% and 14.18% in type C;29.01%, 34.38% and 13.04% in type D. The community structure similarity of catches of four types of operation in summer was higher, that of type A and C was higher in some months of spring or autumn, and that of type B and D was higher in some months of spring and autumn.