日光温室不同施肥量对番茄果实品质的影响

Determination and comprehensive analysis of tomato fruit quality under different fertilizer amount in solar greenhouse

为了探究不同施肥水平对盆栽番茄果实品质的影响,以‘瑞粉’番茄为试验材料,按照全生育期单株施肥量不同设置8个处理(即F1:14 g、F2:18 g、F3:22 g、F4:26 g、F5:30 g、F6:34 g、F7:38 g、F8:42 g),分别测定番茄单果重,VC、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量,糖酸比等6个品质指标,采用主成分分析和聚类分析对番茄品质指标分析和综合评价。结果表明,经主成分分析前2个的主成分累积贡献率达到了85.275%,F4的番茄果实品质最佳。经聚类分析后同样得到2个主成分,其累积贡献率达到92.639%。综合排名为F5、F4、F6、F3、F8、F2、F7、F1,综合主成分分析和聚类分析,本研究认为番茄最佳的施肥量为F4(全生育期共施用大量元素水溶肥26 g,分4次在每穗果膨大期施入,总养分含量≥50%,硼≥2‰,锌≥2‰,养分含量比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=13∶7∶30)。

In order to explore the effects of different fertilization levels on potted tomato fruit quality,’Ruifen’ was used as the experimental material. Eight treatments were set(F1:14 g, F2:18 g, F3:22 g, F4:26 g, F5:30 g, F6:34 g, F7:38 g, F8:42 g) according to the different fertilization amount during the whole growth period. Six quality indicators, including tomato single fruit weight, vitamin C, titrate acid, soluble sugar, soluble solid, and sugar-acid ratio were measured, and they were analyzed and evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first two components reached 85.275% by principal component analysis, and the tomato fruit quality of F4 was the best. According to cluster analysis, two principal components were also obtained, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 92.639%. The comprehensive rankings are F5, F4, F6, F3, F8, F2, F7, and F1. Considering the result of principal component analysis and cluster analysis,we believe the optimal tomato fertilization amount is F4(26 grams water soluble fertilizer of a large amount of element was used during the whole growth period for four times, and was applied in each panicle fruit expansion period;the total nutrient content ≥ 50%;boron ≥ 2 ‰, zinc ≥ 2 ‰;nutrient content ratio is N∶P2O5∶K2O =13∶7∶30).