新疆若羌县红枣生产园土壤肥力研究

Evaluation of soil fertility in Jujube production orchards in Ruoqiang County,Xinjiang

通过对新疆若羌县70块红枣生产园土壤肥力进行评价,以期为该区科学施肥提供依据。应用实验室化学分析方法测定土样酸碱度(pH)、有机质(OM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn),根据全国第2次土壤普查土壤养分含量分级标准和土壤有效态微量元素含量分级标准将70块红枣生产园土壤肥力进行分级,利用主成分分析法构建红枣生产园土壤肥力指数评价模型。结果表明,若羌县红枣生产园土壤AP、AK含量较充足外,绝大多数红枣生产园OM、AN、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量处于低或很低状态。利用主成分分析法将70块红枣生产园划分为4个主成分,以此构建的土壤肥力指数评价模型表明若羌县无"高"土壤肥力生产园,而"中""低"土壤肥力生产园各占50%,由此可见,若羌县红枣生产园土壤肥力普遍不高。可将优先提高土壤OM、AN含量,维持土壤AP和AK含量,持续改善土壤Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn含量作为重点,从而实现土壤肥力的提高,为若羌县红枣提质增效提供依据。

With 70 jujube orchards in Ruoqiang County as the target, soil fertility evaluation of Jujube orchard was done in order to provide basis for scientific fertilization in the area. Laboratory chemical analysis methods were used to determine soil sample pH, organic matter(OM), alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen(AN), available phosphorus(AP), available potassium(AK), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), and Zinc(Zn). We classified the soil fertility of 70 jujube orchards according to the soil nutrient content classification standard and the soil active trace element content classification standard of the second national soil census. The soil fertility index evaluation model of jujube orchard was constructed using the principal component analysis method. The results showed that the soil AP and AK content of the jujube orchard in Ruoqiang County were sufficient, while the contents of OM, AN, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn in most jujube orchard were low.70 jujube orchards were divided into 4 main components using the principal component analysis method, and the soil fertility index evaluation model constructed by this method showed that there was no "high" soil fertility production park in Ruoqiang County, and "medium" and "low" soil fertility orchard each accounted for 50%. Therefore, soil fertility of jujube orchards in Ruoqiang County is generally low. Improving soil OM and AN content, maintaining soil AP and AK content,and continuously improving soil Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn content should be the priority to achieve soil fertility improvement. The research, provides a basis for improving quality and efficiency of jujube cultivation in Ruoqiang County.