互联网交往的伦理悖论

Ethical paradox about Internet communication

在道德哲学视域中,伦理的根本逻辑需满足两大价值条件:一是建构个体性与普遍性之间的价值关联性;二是以普遍性为预设前提和根本目标,使个体性复归于普遍性。伦理悖论的道德哲学本质表现为伦理建构的可能性与有限性之间的矛盾。互联网的交往本性及其公共性建构,天然地带来了伦理建构的新可能。公共性建构汇聚起碎片化的个体,不仅生成经验层面的网络社群,而且内在地自然过渡为价值层面的网络共同体,造就了个体性向普遍性的价值提升,因而潜藏着伦理的意义。但共同体并不等同于伦理实体,网络共同体自身建构过程呈现出“个体主义”和“精神真空”的伦理难题,未能将普遍性作为预设前提和根本目标,因而又携带着伦理有限性的基因。有“形”无“实”,互联网交往的伦理建构深陷悖论之中。如何走出悖论,是互联网时代伦理生活的重要议题。

In moral philosophy,the logic behind ethics is two-fold:individuality and universality are related in value,and universality is the presupposition and final goal. In essence,a paradox in ethics is the contradiction between the possibility and limitation of ethic construction. When individuals gather in public Internet space,online communities come into being in both experience and value terms where universality outweighs individuality. This is the possibility of ethic construction. However,communities are not entities. Individualism and“spiritual vacuum”in online communities make impossible the universality as the presupposition and final goal,which is the limitation of ethic construction. How to resolve the paradox deserves attention.