自然口语话语标记“嗯”“啊”“哎”“呃”探析

An Analysis of the Discourse Marks “en(嗯)” “a(啊)” “ai(哎)”“e(呃)” in Spoken Language

北京话日常口语中共现的“嗯”“啊”“哎”“呃”具有不同的属性,其中,同是独立成分的分属两种性质:一是表情达意的叹词,一是在话语组织、话语编辑进程中伴有表停顿、表话语拖延等话语功能的话语标记。话语标记“嗯”“啊”“哎”“呃”的社会分布存在明显差异,一方面取决于性别、年龄、职业、文化程度等社会因素的影响,另一方面也会受到说话人个人的生物、心理因素的影响。

This article distinguishes the differences of“en(嗯)”“a(啊)”“ai(哎)”“e(呃)”in Beijing spoken language.Usually,as independent elements,they have two different qualities:first,they can be interjections that express emotions and feelings;second,they can be the discourse marks that have the discourse functions of pausing and delaying,etc.during the process of discourse organization and edition.Besides,the social distribution of the discourse marks“en(嗯)”“a(啊)”“ai(哎)”“e(呃)”can be variable.On the one hand,it depends on the influences of social elements of gender,age,occupation,culture,etc.;on the other hand,it is affected by the biological and psychological elements of the speakers.