基于多目标路径规划的应急资源配置模型

Resource Allocation Model Based on Multi-objective Path Planning in Emergency Management

面对日益增加的突发事件,应急资源调度对于快速开展救援工作以及降低社会财产损失具有重要意义.文中建立了一种基于多目标路径规划的应急资源配置模型,可解决应急路径搜索与资源配置两个问题.考虑到突发事件会对道路网络造成较大影响,模型首先以基于BPR(美国联邦公路局)路阻函数的路径行程时间与基于大量历史交通量数据的可靠性为优化目标进行路径规划,综合禁忌搜索与非支配排序获取应急救援路径的Pareto解集,并且通过指标权重确定最优路径;然后在获得最优路径的基础上,基于突发事件级别引入效用系数进行资源配置,最大化总资源利用效益,并基于Lingo软件进行求解;最后在无锡市公路网的历史数据基础上进行了案例分析,验证了所提出模型与解决方法的有效性.

With the increasing emergencies, resource allocation in emergency management is vital for fast rescue operation and reducing property loss. A resource allocation model was constructed based on multi-objective path planning, aiming at solving two problems:path planning and resource allocation. Considering impacts of emergencies on the road network, the model conducted path planning with two optimization goals:(1) timeliness:obtain the path travel time based on BPR (Bureau of Public Road of United States) road impedance function;(2) reliability:evaluate the path travel time reliability degree based on historical traffic volume data. An algorithm integrating Tabu Search and non-dominated sorting was devised to acquire the Pareto solution set. By setting index weights, the optimal paths from dispatch centers to emergency areas could be determined. Secondly, according to the optimal paths and the level of emergencies, utility coefficient was introduced to establish the total resource utility function. To achieve the maximum total resource utilization benefits, Lingo was used to obtain the optimal resource allocation scheme. At last, a cases study which verified the effectiveness of the proposed model and solving method, was presented based on the historical data of Wuxi road network.