基于可补偿误差项的机床几何误差建模与补偿技术

Modeling and Compensation Technology Based on Compensable Geometrical Errors of Machine Tool

提出一种可分离数控机床刀具与工件之间可补偿与不可补偿几何误差源的方法;依据可补偿误差项建立误差补偿模型;采用激光干涉仪+直角镜的垂直度直接辨识方法检测出几何误差,导出补偿量计算式,选用西门子840DNC的几何误差补偿模块进行补偿实验,其中8项指标补偿后的几何误差减小比例在16.5%~92%,补偿效果显著。实践证明本文作者所提出的机床可补偿几何误差的建模与补偿方法是有效和可行的,其补偿方法同样可以用于不同类型的机床。

A method is presented for separable compensable and un-compensable geometrical error sources between the tool and work-piece of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool. According to compensable errors, the compensation model was built. The compensable geometrical errors was measured by squareness errors direct identification using laser interferometer and prism square. The calculation formula for compensation quantity was derived. The compensation experiment was carried out on geometrical errors compensation module of SIEMENS 840DNC system. The decrease rates of 8 indexes of geometrical errors were 16.5%~92% after compensation. The compensation effect was satisfied. The results show that the technology of modeling and compensation for compensable geometrical errors of machine tools is effective and feasible, which is suitable for different types of machine tools.