中国与美国现代特赦制度实践比较研究

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PRACTICE OF MODERN AMNESTY SYSTEM BETWEEN CHINA AND AMERICA

21世纪是特赦制度理论发展的新阶段,2015年之后我国特赦制度的实证研究有持续增多趋势,但相应的比较研究有待增加。美国有先进的特赦制度和丰富的现代特赦实践经验。现代美国特赦执行的特点和发展趋势变化,一定程度上反映了现代特赦制度的发展走向。目前,我国有了八次运行特赦制度的实践经验,可以认为已经到了改革我国特赦制度的最佳时期。我国应当从正反两方面的方法论上借鉴美国的特赦制度:一方面,完善赦免制度的类型体系,增加自下而上的特赦启动模式;另一方面,预防特赦决定主体权力绝对化。

21st century stands at the turning point of the development of amnesty system. Since 2015, the empirical study of amnesty system in China has been rising. At the same time, comparative studies should be included in amnesty research. American amnesty system not only boast of good tradition but also abundant practical experiences. To a certain degree, the characteristics and developments of American modern amnesty system reflect the trend of amnesty system. At present, China has accumulated a total of eight practical experiences, which is the best time for the amnesty system reform. Therefore, China should learn from both the positive and negative experience of American amnesty system as a reference. On the one hand, China should improve the types of amnesty, and increase the bottom-up model of amnesty start-up. On the other hand, China should prevent the absolute power of the amnesty deciding subject.