“知人论世”到“知世论人”——“辛亥女侠”刘马青霞历史形象再分析

From “Discussing the World Through the People” to “Discussing the People Through the World”:Reanalysis of the Historical Image of the “Xinhai Chivalrous Women” Liu-Ma Qingxia

刘马青霞是清末民初河南涌现出的一位杰出女性,她出身名宦之家,嫁入豪门巨室,而又早年丧夫,孀居后广泛开展社会活动,乐善好施,光绪皇帝诰封她"一品夫人",孙中山题赠匾额"巾帼英雄第",后世论者谓之"辛亥女侠",或谓其与秋瑾齐名,现有的文章著述也多称其为辛亥女革命志士、女性革命家;但考究历史事实,人物身上所具有的复杂性使刘马青霞不能被简章地列为革命人物,应在特定历史背景下,结合人物自身经历,立足于人物为中心的主体性,还原一个更加真实、更加符合时代环境的刘马青霞形象。

Liu-Ma Qingxia was an outstanding woman who emerged from Henan Province in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. She came from a famous official's family, married into a rich family, and lost her husband in her early years. After her widowhood, she carried out extensive social activities and was kind to charity. Emperor Guangxu praised her as"a lady of of a highest-ranking"and Sun Yat-sen wrote a plaque with the title of " female hero". Writers of later generations called her "Xinhai chivalrous women", or saied she was equal to Qiu Jin. The existing articles and writings also described her as the Xinhai female revolutionist or revolutionary women. However, considering the historical facts, the complexity of the characters makes it impossible for us to simply classify her as a revolutionary character. Instead, we should restore a more realistic and contemporary image based on the character-centered subjectivity in a specific historical context and in combination with the characters' own experiences.