论正史医家传记中神异叙事的价值与意义

On the value and significance of mystical narration in official biographies of historical physicians

正史医家传记中的神异叙事和中医的命运一样,曾被污名化为落后、愚昧的象征。本文从三个方面论述其价值和意义:神异叙事根源在于“史出于巫”和“巫医同源”,蕴含了丰富的文化信息和密码,具有一种“文化胎记”的作用;正史医家传记中的神异叙事赋予了医家一种神圣的克里斯玛化特质,形成了一种与名医身份相契合的“虚构的权威”;同时神异叙事由“常”变“异”的过程,体现了中西医文化的碰撞与差异,成为中医文化转型的一种缩影。

In the official biographies of historical physicians, the mystical narration, like the fate of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been stigmatized as a symbol of backwardness and ignorance. This article discusses its value and significance in the three aspects: the root of the mystical narration lies in the “history of witches” and “the homology of the witch and doctor”, which contain rich cultural information and ciphers and have a kind of “cultural birthmark”;the mystical narration characterizes the historical physicians with charisma, which form a kind of “fictitious authority” corresponding to the identity of historical famous doctors;at the same time, the changing process of the mystical narration from being “normal” to “abnormal” reflects the collision and difference between TCM and western medicine cultures and has become a miniature of the transformation of TCM.