北京城市职住空间演变、通勤需求与就业可达性特征

Characteristics of Urban Jobs-Housing Space Evolution,Commuter Demand and Job Accessibility in Beijing

为准确把握北京城市职住空间演变特征、理清轨道交通发展对就业可达性的影响,结合国际城市的发展路径,基于北京城市人口经济普查数据和交通调查数据,利用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)空间分析手段和潜力模型,对北京城市空间发展特征和就业可达性特征进行分析。研究发现:北京城市人口在中心城区聚集和向近郊区扩散发展的双动力态势正在形成,职住分离的程度继续加深,远距离通勤出行比例逐步提高;城市就业增长呈现出规模扩大与空间结构调整的双驱动模式,就业多中心格局已经确立,通勤交通流的空间分布呈现明显的区域化特征,就业中心对其相邻街道及居住组团具有明显的吸引力;轨道交通的网络化运行有效提升了城市整体的就业可达性,也促进了城市空间结构的演化进程。

In order to capture the evolution characteristics of urban jobs-housing space in Beijing and identify the influence of rail transit development on the job accessibility, the GIS(Geographic Information System) spatial analysis method and potential model based on Beijing urban economic census data and traffic survey data were adopted in the research. Combining with the development path of international cities, the characteristics and trend of Beijing urban spatial development were analyzed. It is concluded that: the dual momentum development of urban population having gathered in the central districts and spreading to the suburbs is forming;the jobs-housing separation degree continues to deepen;the proportion of long-distance commuting is increasing gradually;urban employment growth presentes a dual driving mode of scale expansion and spatial structure adjustment;the pattern of multiple centers of employment is established;the spatial distribution of commuter traffic flow shows obvious regional characteristics, and the job center has obvious attraction to its adjacent streets and residential groups;the network operation of rail transit effectively improves the job accessibility and promotes the evolution process of urban spatial structure.