鲁迅晚年与高尔基及列夫·托尔斯泰的对话

Lu Xun’s Dialogue with Leo Tolstoy in His Late Years

1930年代,受俄苏无产阶级文艺政策以及中国革命历史境遇的影响,托尔斯泰与高尔基在中国左翼文学运动中受到特殊的观照。托尔斯泰作为旧式知识分子成为被批判的对象,而高尔基作为一个出身于社会底层的作家被塑造成无产阶级革命文学的典范。鲁迅晚年对高尔基的译介投入了相当大的热情,由高尔基这个视点,鲁迅与列夫·托尔斯泰产生了持续性对话,鲁迅晚年在与高尔基、托尔斯泰、“同路人”作家及其作品的对话中,感受到暴力革命与人道主义的剧烈冲突,使得他对俄国革命与中国革命的复杂有了深入的思考。

In the 1930s, influenced by the policies of proletarian literature in the Soviet Union and the historical circumstances of Chinese revolution, both Tolstoy and Gorky received special attention in the Chinese left-wing literary movement. Tolstoy was criticized as an old-fashioned intellectual while Gorky, as a writer from the bottom of society, was portrayed as a model of proletarian literature. Lu Xun devoted considerable enthusiasm to translating and introducing Gorky. From Gorky's point of view, Lu Xun had a continuous dialogue with Leo Tolstoy. In his late years, Lu Xun had a strong feeling of the violent conflict between revolutionary violence and humanitarianism in his dialogue with Gorky, Tolstoy and the "fellow traveler" writers, which provided him with deeper insights about the complexity of the Russian revolution and the Chinese revolution.