四川民族地区乡村旅游与新型城镇化协同发展研究——以阿坝州茂县为例

Research on the Coordinated Development between Rural Tourism and New Urbanization in Sichuan Ethnic Areas——A Case of Maoxian County in Aba Prefecture

乡村旅游和新型城镇化的深度融合和协同发展,能够达到最佳效应并实现多方共赢。文章分析了民族地区乡村旅游与新型城镇化的协同发展机理,并以茂县为例,实证研究了乡村旅游发展水平与新型城镇化建设水平以及两者的关联程度。结论显示,茂县的乡村旅游与新型城镇化具有一定的同步性和一致性,两者的协同发展呈现明显的阶段性,但近年来协同性有所降低。需要优化产业结构,注重产业融合;完善旅游配套设施,加快公共服务设施建设;提升乡村旅游质量,着力打造精品,提升两者协同发展效应。

This article takes Maoxian County as an example, and conducts an empirical study of its level of rural tourism development and level of new urbanization construction, as well as investigates the correlation between them. Maoxian County is the largest Qiang community, and constitutes the core area of Qiang culture in China. It is also one of the areas most seriously affected by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. In the post-disaster reconstruction period, Maoxian County took the vigorous development of rural tourism as a leading factor, and created high-quality, ethnic tourism villages. The tourism economy has steadily risen in recent years, achieving “leapfrog” development and playing a leading role in the development of the county. Nowadays, rural tourism has become an important way for villages in Maoxian County to prosper, rid themselves of poverty, and become rich. This has effectively promoted the economic growth and social progress of Maoxian County. At the same time, the non-agricultural population and the permanent population of the cities and towns in Maoxian County have continuously increased, as has the urbanization rate. In this way, the urbanization process has been promoted in an orderly manner. The preliminary analysis shows that the development of rural tourism in Maoxian County played a very important role in promoting the national economy. The growth of national economy has also increased investment in infrastructure and projects supporting tourism. This, in turn, has provided the conditions needed for improving the quality of rural tourism and has accelerated the process of urbanization in Maoxian. This article analyses the cooperative development mechanism of rural tourism and new urbanization in ethnic minority areas, and establishes an evaluation index system for the level of rural tourism development and one for the level of new urbanization construction in ethnic areas. In these evaluation systems, the index for the level of development of rural tourism includes four indicators: total tourist volume, total tourism income, tourist volume for rural tourism and income from rural tourism. The index for the level of construction for new urbanization includes six indicators: GRP, the proportion of the non-agricultural population, the proportion of added value for secondary industries, the proportion of added value for tertiary industries, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita area of urban public green space. The weight of each evaluation index is determined by the entropy method. From this, we calculated the level of development of rural tourism and the level of construction of new urbanization in Maoxian County from 2009 to 2016. On this basis, SPSS software was used to calculate the correlation between the level of rural tourism development and the level of new urbanization construction in Maoxian. The results show that rural tourism and new urbanization in Maoxian County have synchronization and consistency, and that their synergistic development illustrates obvious stages. However, in recent years the synergy has been reduced. Specifically, the correlation coefficient between the level of rural tourism development and the level of new urbanization construction in Maoxian is 0.887, which shows that the two have a certain degree of synchronization and consistency. The coordinated development of the two has not only produced the overall result of GDP growth, but has also promoted the healthy development of society, culture and ecology of Maoxian County. However, it can also be seen that the coordinated development of rural tourism development and new urbanization construction in Maoxian went through obvious stages. Five years after the earthquake, the synchronization between rural tourism development and new urbanization construction in Maoxian County was relatively high, reflecting that Maoxian made full use of the post-disaster reconstruction policy to rebuild its beautiful countryside, develop rural tourism, promote new urbanization construction, and coordinate integrated urban-rural development. During the past five years, the tourist volume and income from rural tourism in Maoxian have increased greatly. However, the construction rate of new urbanization has slowed. The growth rate of rural tourism is faster than that of new urbanization. The gap between the two has gradually expanded, and the synchronization between the two has begun to decline. It shows that after the completion of post-disaster reconstruction, the coordination between rural tourism and new urbanization in Maoxian has been reduced, showing an asynchronic and uncoordinated situation. Towns dominated by tourism and leisure industries have not yet formed. Through field investigation and quantitative analysis, it can be concluded that in the ten years since the earthquake, the development of rural tourism and the construction of new urbanization in Maoxian County have basically formed a situation of interaction and mutual promotion, but that there are still some deficiencies in having a coordinated and synchronic development, and the effect of synergy is not significant. In view of the characteristics and problems in the coordinated development of rural tourism development and new urbanization construction in Maoxian, the following suggestions are proposed: firstly, create a characteristic town according to local conditions which is dominated by rural tourism;secondly, optimize industrial structure, and pay attention to industrial integration;thirdly, improve facilities supporting tourism and accelerate the construction of public service facilities;and, fourthly, improve the quality of rural tourism and make great efforts to create high-quality products. Only by enhancing the effect of synergistic development between the two, and fully integrating the rural, cultural and ecological factors, can the two achieve the best effect and achieve the ultimate goal of tourism urbanization, urban-rural integration and industrial integration.