浙闽山地丘陵区地形因子对土地利用格局的影响分析:以福建省永泰县为例

Analysis on the Influence of Terrain Factors on Land Use Pattern in the Hilly Area of Zhejiang and Fujian Provinces: A Case Study of Yongtai County, Fujian Province

地形因子不仅控制土地利用分布格局,而且对区域生态建设及土地可持续利用具有重要影响。选取高程、坡度和地形起伏度3个地形因子,以福建省永泰县为例探究了浙闽山地丘陵区不同地形因子对土地利用格局的影响,结果表明:(1)居住地、工矿交通用地、耕地、园地、水域在高程小于500m、坡度小于25°的区域呈优势分布,地类间竞争激烈,应合理布局5种地类关系;林地和草地主要分布在高程大于750m、坡度大于35°的生态脆弱区,应重点考虑生态保育。(2)低山丘陵和河谷平原地带受人类生产生活影响,斑块类型复杂,异质性较高;山地丘陵和边缘山区地带由于自然生态系统占据优势位,斑块形状规则,连通性较强;Pearson相关性分析表明,地形因子与景观格局指数之间存在显著相关性。(3)山地丘陵对土地利用格局具有重要空间限制性,在对其进行开发利用时,需要根据各地类在不同地形条件下的分布规律进行合理安排与协调,才能实现土地资源的可持续利用。

Terrain factors not only control the distribution patterns of land use but also have important impact on regional ecological construction and sustainable land use. Taking Yongtai County of Fujian Province as an example,three terrain factors(elevation,slope,and terrain relief)were selected to explore the account for the driving factors of terrain factors on land use pattern in the hilly area of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. Results show that:(1)the residence area,industrial,mining and traffic areas,cultivated land,garden plot and water area are preferentially distributed in the areas with elevations less than 500 m and slopes less than 25°. In these areas,the above mentioned five types of lands should be rationally arranged due to fierce competitions among the land types. Forestry areas and grassland are mainly distributed in ecologically fragile areas with elevations greater than 750 m and slopes greater than 35°. Ecological conservation should be considered for these two types of lands.(2)There are complex patchs and high heterogeneity in hills and valley plains,which have been affected by human activities. In the hilly mountain and marginal mountainous areas,the patches are regular shape with strong connectivity due to the dominant position of the natural ecosystem. Pearson correlation analysis show a significant correlation between terrain factors and landscape pattern metrics.(3)For developing and utilizing land resources in mountainous and hilly areas,there are important spatial restrictions. To achieve sustainable land use in these areas,it is necessary to arrange reasonably and harmonically in accordance with the distribution rules of different types of land and terrain conditions.