贫困地区农户参与生态补偿自愿性影响因素分析:以退耕还林和公益林补偿为例

Factors Influencing Voluntariness of Farmers to Take Part in the Ecological Compensation Programs in Poor Regions: A Case Study of Sloping Land Conversion Program and Public Benefit Forest Compensation Program in Yunnan Province

生态补偿政策中的自愿性能在很大程度上影响政策的实施效果。基于云南省屏边县和西畴县的615份农户访谈数据,运用二元Logistic模型,从参与条件、参与动力、参与能力和政策吸引力4个维度分别研究退耕还林和公益林政策中影响农户自愿性的因素,为更好地提高农户参与政策的自愿性、提升政策的执行效率提供技术支撑。结果表明,参与动力和政策吸引力对农户自愿性的影响较大;退耕还林政策中,自愿参与和非自愿参与的农户比例分别为84.4%和15.6%,农户对周围人和村干部的信任程度越高、有外出打工经历、政策了解程度越深以及补偿标准越高、政策预期评价越好,其参与生态补偿政策的自愿性越高,农户年龄和家庭劳动力数量越大则自愿性越低。公益林政策中,自愿和非自愿参与的农户比例分别为36.0%和64.0%,农户对周围人和对村干部的信任程度越高,政策了解程度越深,补偿标准越高,政策预期评价越好,其参与生态补偿政策的自愿性越高。可以通过有效政策宣传、用市场化手段引入社会资本以适当提高补偿标准、积极创造非农就业机会等手段,来促进退耕还林和公益林补偿政策目标更好地实现。

The voluntariness of households to take part in the eco-compensation programs will largely affect the outputs of these programs. The factors influencing the household voluntariness to take part in two eco-compensation programs,i. e. the Sloping Land Conversion Program(SLCP)and Public Benefit Forest Compensation Program(PBFC)were studied. The study is based on a 615-households interview with questionnaires in Pingbian and Xichou,Yunnan Province. The results of the study show that household motivation and program attractiveness are vital for household voluntariness. In the SLCP,84. 4% of households voluntarily took part in the program while 15. 6% of households were not voluntary. The positive factors to influence household voluntariness in the SLCP are trust in neighbours and village leaders,experiences of off-farm jobs,compensation rate,expected policy outcome and understanding to the policy. Age and number of house-hold labors are the negative factors. In the PBFC,36% of households were voluntary to take part in the program while 64% of households were not voluntary. The positive factors to influence household voluntariness in the PBFC are trust in neighbours and village leaders,compensation rate,expected policy outcome,understanding to the policy. This study implies that SLCP and PBFC could be better implemented with preferable outcomes if policy advocacy is enhanced,compensation rate is raised appropriately,and non-farm job opportunities are created.