上海崇明岛人工林群落对加拿大一枝黄花入侵的影响

Effects of Plantation Community on the Invasion of Solidago canadensis at Chongming Island, Shanghai

加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)是华东地区危害最大的入侵植物之一,也是侵入人工林最重要的外来杂草。为了解人工林群落对加拿大一枝黄花入侵性的影响,选择上海崇明岛的水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)群落、复羽叶栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)群落、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)群落、梧桐(Firmiana platanifolia)群落和重阳木(Bischofia polycarpa)群落,调查分析加拿大一枝黄花在不同群落的入侵和分布状况。结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花在各群落中重要值由大到小为重阳木群落>复羽叶栾树群落>香樟群落>梧桐群落>水杉群落。通过分析不同群落林下草本植物生态位,发现加拿大一枝黄花在5个群落中生态位宽度与生态位重叠结果趋于一致,依次为重阳木群落>梧桐群落>香樟群落>复羽叶栾树群落>水杉群落。群落乔木层郁闭度越大,加拿大一枝黄花入侵程度越小。

Solidago canadensis is one of the most destructive invasive plants in Eastern China and it is also the notorious exotic weed in forest plantations. In order to understand the invasion of Solidago canadensis in different plantation communities,five plantation communities(Metasequoia lyptostroboides,Koelreuteria paniculata,Cinnamomum camphora,Firmiana platanifolia and Bischofia polycarpa)at Chongming Island in Shanghai were selected to investigate its invasion and distribution in these communities. The results show that the important values of Solidago canadensis in these five communities were ranked as:Bischofia polycarpa > Koelreuteria paniculata > Cinnamomum camphora > Firmiana platanifolia > Metasequoia lyptostroboides. After the evaluation of the niche of herbaceous plants in these communities,the niche breadth and niche overlap of Solidago canadensis were in the rank as:Bischofia polycarpa > Firmiana platanifolia > Cinnamomum camphora > Koelreuteria paniculata > Metasequoia lyptostroboides. It has been observed that the higher the tree density in these communities,the less invasion of Solidago canadensis. The results provided implications for controlling this invasive plant.