城镇化背景下乡村学校的现实境遇与发展路径——基于公平理论的视角

The Realistic Situation and Development Path of Rural Schools under the Background of Urbanization ——From the Perspective of Equity Theory

随着城镇化的快速推进,乡村学校数量锐减,乡村学校教师和学生的流失越来越严重,乡村学校的衰落已成为无法回避的现实。乡村学校的"保量"与"保质"仅仅成为一种理想,乡村学校的发展陷入了迷茫。本研究基于公平理论的视角,从经济学、法律学和伦理学等维度论述乡村学校衰落的必然性,提出乡村学校发展的路径:转变乡村学校的办学理念,缩小城乡教育投入差距,完善乡村教师和学生流动机制,引导乡村学校走出文化迷失,从而突破乡村学校"留或撤"的观念束缚,引导乡村教师和学生合理流动,顺应社会发展的趋势,促进新时代乡村学校良性发展。

With the rapid progress of urbanization, the number of rural schools has decreased sharply, and the decrease of the number of rural teachers and students has become more and more serious. The decline of rural schools is unavoidable and increasingly intense. The quantity and quality of rural schools have gradually become an ideal, and the development of rural schools has got lost. Based on the equity theory, this study discusses the inevitability of rural schools decline from the perspectives of economics, law and ethics, and proposes to break through the concept of "stay or withdraw" of rural schools, guide the rational flow of rural teachers and students through the formulation of practical measures, conform to the trend of social development, and promote the better development of rural schools in the new era.