母乳营养成分与早产儿脑发育的研究进展

A review on the relationship between breast milk nutrients and brain development in preterm infants

母乳是早产儿的首选食品。近年来,母乳在早产儿脑发育中的作用越来越多地受到学者重视。研究表明,母乳喂养对早产儿神经发育、远期认知结果的影响可能一直持续到儿童、青少年,甚至成人时期。母乳中的营养成分在其中起着决定性作用,涉及低聚糖、多不饱和脂肪酸、乳铁蛋白等。该文将母乳中营养成分在早产儿脑发育中的最新研究进展作一综述,具体阐述每种营养成分的概念和作用。

Breast milk is the preferred food for preterm infants. In recent years, the role of breast milk in the brain development of preterm infants has attracted more and more attention. Studies have shown that the effect of breastfeeding on neurodevelopment and long-term cognitive outcome of preterm infants may persist into childhood, adolescence, and even adulthood. The nutrients in breast milk, such as oligosaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lactoferrin, play an important role in this process. This article reviews the latest research advances in the role of breast milk nutrients in the brain development of preterm infants and elaborates on the concept and function of each nutrient.