我国各地健康城市指标体系与国家指标体系的比较研究

The difference between national and local healthy city indicator systems: a systematic review

目的对比分析我国各地健康城市指标体系与国家健康城市评价指标体系间的差异,为各地健康城市指标体系的完善、健康城市的建设与评价提供参考依据。方法计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP以及WHO、各级政府和卫生计生委网站,搜集我国现有健康城市指标体系相关文献和政府文件,检索时限截至2018年3月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料后,对相关指标体系进行定性分析。结果纳入我国26个城市的健康城市指标体系,共14个维度,1 531个指标。其中健康(人群/水平)维度选用24次,包含指标82个;健康服务维度选用22次,包含指标113个;健康环境维度选用22次,包含指标121个;健康社会选用19次,包含指标113个;健康文化维度选用4次,包含指标17个。健康环境、健康人群2个维度中的具体指标与国家指标体系一致性较高,而健康社会、健康服务及健康文化维度差异性较大。结论我国各地健康城市指标体系选用最多的4个维度是健康(人群/水平)、健康服务、健康环境、健康社会;各地维度结构与国家指标体系维度结构契合度高,而具体指标的制定和维度的归属差异较大,各城市应结合自身城市发展状况及问题,规范化现有指标体系。

Objectives To compare and analyze the differences between local and the national indicator systems,so as to provide reference for the improvement of health city indicator system in various regions and the implementation of national health city evaluation. Methods We performed electronic searches of the CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, website of WHO, website of Commission of Health &Family Planning prior to March, 2018. We included documents of Chinese healthy city indicator system. Literature selection and data extraction were performed by two reviewers independently,and the included indicator systems were systematic reviewed. Results A total of 26 documents were included, involving14 dimensions and 1 531 indicators. Health(population/level) dimension was used by 24 healthy city indicators systems and included 82 indicators. Health services dimension had been used by 22 healthy city indicators systems and including113 indicators. Health environments dimension was used by 22 healthy city indicators systems and included 121 indicators. Health society was used by 19 systems and included 113 indicators. Health culture dimension had been used by4 systems and included 17 indicators. The specific indicators in the two dimensions of health environment and health population were relatively consistent with the national indicator system, while the dimensions of health society, health service and health culture were highly different. Conclusions Health(population/level), health services, healthy environment, and healthy society are most used in each healthy city indicator system. Compared with the national indicator system, the dimension structure is highly consistent, while the formulation of specific indicators and the ownership of dimensions are quite different. Each city should improve its existing indicator system based on its own urban development status and problems.