《说文》会意字“义有所重”归部条例检讨

Reviewing the Rule of Classification that Associative Compound Characters Are Belong to the Part According to “Meaning Depending on Pictograph Components” in Shuowen

“义有所重”说认为会意字的义符(偏旁)有轻重主从之别,《说文》是按字义所重,选择义符进行归部的.“义有所重”说的着眼点是字义与偏旁的关系,而相当一部分会意字的偏旁并无主次轻重之别,《说文》对这类字的归部处理与“所重”无关.实际上,被段玉裁认为是按“所重”归部的字例,除个别例外,都是根据字与字之间的意义关系,按照“以类相从”的原则归部的.会意字归部的通例是“以类相从”而非“义有所重”.考察《说文》会意字的归部,应该着眼于字与字(包括部首字与所辖字)之间的关系,抓住与会意字一起归部的一组字的字义关系及共同字义特点.

According to the theory of“meaning depending on pictograph components”,it is believed that there is a difference between weight and distance on the morphemes of associative compound characters.The associative compound characters choose morphemes to belong to the department on the basis of meaning depending on pictograph components in Shuowen.The theory of“meaning depending on pictograph components”is limited to the relationship between the meaning of the word and the Chinese character component,while the side of quite a few associative compound characters is no difference between primary and secondary.In fact,the words that Duan Yucai thought they were classified according to“meaning depending on pictograph components”are assigned in accordance with“classification according to the meaning”,with the exception of a few words.The general rule of the classification of associative compound characters is“classification according to the meaning”,not“meaning depending on pictograph components”.Examine the classification of associative compound characters,we should focus on the relationship between words(including radical and the words that are governed by a radical),and grasp the meaning relationship and common meaning features of a set of words assigned with associative compound characters.