国内外大肠癌筛查现状及无创筛查方法进展

Current status of colorectal cancer screening at home and abroad and progress of noninvasive screening methods

大肠癌是严重威胁人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一,其全球发病率和死亡率分居第3位和第2位。开展大肠癌筛查工作对大肠癌早发现、早治疗具有重要意义。德国等经济发达国家上世纪七十年代就开始大肠癌筛查以降低其发生率和死亡率。我国也于1977年在部分大肠癌高发地区开展筛查工作,近年在天津、上海等大城市也开展了大肠癌筛查工作。笔者对国际和国内大肠癌筛查的现状进行综述,探讨大肠癌筛查工作对降低大肠癌发病率和死亡率的意义,并总结大肠癌筛查方法对筛查工作的影响。通过分析,笔者认为国家健康计划、科普宣传、医保覆盖、有效的监督机制以及合适的筛查方法是影响大肠癌筛查工作开展的重要因素。

Colorectal cancer is one of malignant tumor disease that seriously threaten human health. Its global morbidity and mortality rank the third and second respectively. Screening for colorectal cancer is of great significance for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer. Screening for colorectal cancer began in Germany and other developed countries in the 1970s to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Screening for colorectal cancer was also carried out in some areas with the high incidence of colorectal cancer in China in 1977. In recent years, screening for colorectal cancer has also been carried out in Tianjin, Shanghai and other large cities. This article reviews the current status of international and domestic colorectal cancer screening project, aims to explore the significance of colorectal cancer screening in reducing the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer and summarizes the impact of noninvasive colorectal cancer screening methods on screening. Through the analysis, the author believes that the national health plan, popular science publicity, medical insurance coverage, effective monitoring mechanism and appropriate screening methods are important factors affecting the screening of colorectal cancer.