肠道菌群与糖尿病

Gut microbiota and diabetes

近年来,肠道菌群与糖尿病的关系成为研究热点。随着对肠道菌群认识的深入,肠道菌群作为环境因素在调节免疫及代谢性疾病发生中的作用逐渐被大家认识。目前国内外已有大量研究关注肠道菌群影响肥胖和糖尿病的发病机制,也有研究发现肠道菌群能够从食物难以消化的成分中获取能量,从而影响人体的能量平衡和代谢。人们通过基因组测序的方法揭示不同类型糖尿病患者肠道菌群的组成、丰度等,并在动物体内进行验证,明确和糖尿病相关的细菌功能。肠道菌群携带的遗传信息可能是未来治疗糖尿病的新突破口。关于2型糖尿病(T2DM)及1型糖尿病(T1DM)肠道菌群的研究较多,但妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)肠道菌群的相关研究报道较少。因此,本文对不同类型糖尿病的肠道菌群特点及肠道菌群参与糖尿病发生的机制作一综述。

In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes has become a research hotspot. With the in-depth study of gut microbiota, the role of gut microbiota, as an environmental factor in regulating the development of immune and metabolic diseases, has been gradually recognized. At present, a large number of studies at home and abroad have focused on the pathogenesis of gut microbiota affecting obesity and diabetes. Some studies have also found that the gut microbiota can obtain energy from food components that are difficult to digest, affecting the energy balance and metabolism of human body. The genome sequencing method is used to reveal the composition and abundance of intestinal flora in different types of diabetes patients, and which can be verified in animals to clarify the bacterial functions associated with diabetes. The genetic information carried by the gut microbiota may be a new breakthrough in the future treatment of diabetes. There are many studies on gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but there have been few reports on the gut microbiota of gestational diabetes in the past. Therefore, in this paper, the characteristics of gut microbiota in different types of diabetes and the mechanism of gut microbiota involved in the occurrence of diabetes were reviewed.