美国高校兼职教师队伍研究

Research on Part-time Teachers in American Colleges and Universities

美国高校兼职教师主要分布于商学、教育学、艺术学、法学等学科领域,多为35以下的年轻硕、博士和65岁以上的退休教师女性多于男性,硕士学位的教师和无职称者占大多数。其大部分时间用于教学,教学时长较短,且接触学生的时长也普遍较少。兼职教师不仅薪酬待遇低、职业发展支持度低、受认同度低,且已构成对高校教学质量的冲击。反思美国高校兼职教师队伍建设中出现的问题,对我国高校启示是多方面的:应以公平及时为原则提高兼职教师的薪酬标准;应营造支持激励兼职教师努力工作的良好环境;应完善兼职教师的新入职导向和职务晋升机制;应加强兼职教师的准入、培训、评估机制建设。

Part-time teachers in American colleges and universities are mainly distributed in the fields of business,education,art,law and other disciplines. Most of them are young people under 35 years old with a master or Ph D degree and retired people over 65 years old,and more women than men. Those teachers with master degree and those without professional titles account for the majority. For the part-time teachers,most of their working hours are spent on teaching,but the length of their teaching is short and the length of the teachers being with students is generally short. Part-time teachers not only have low salary,low professional development support,and low recognition,but also have an impact on the quality of teaching in colleges and universities. The inspiration of part-time teachers in American colleges and universities to Chinese colleges and universities are: the salary standard of part-time teachers should be improved based on the principles of fairness and timeliness;a good environment should be created to support and encourage part-time teachers to work hard;the orientation for new part-time teachers and the promotion mechanism of part-time teachers should be improved;the access,training and evaluation mechanism of part-time teachers should be strengthened.